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Revised NCERT Textbook: Changes in the Ayodhya Dispute Section

The latest NCERT Class 12 Political Science textbook has introduced significant revisions in its section on the Ayodhya dispute. These changes, aimed at reflecting recent developments and providing a balanced perspective, have sparked discussions among educators and students.

This is the fourth round of revisions of NCERT textbooks since 2014. In the first round in 2017, NCERT cited nthe eed to reflect recent events. In 2018, it initiated revisions to reduce the “syllabus burden.

Key Revisions

The revised textbook now refers to the Babri Masjid as a “three-domed structure” rather than by its historical name. The Ayodhya section has been condensed from four pages to two, omitting several crucial details previously included.

Notable Deletions:

1. BJP Rath Yatra: The journey from Somnath to Ayodhya.
2. Role of Kar Sevaks: Volunteers involved in the demolition.
3. Communal Violence: The aftermath of the demolition on December 6, 1992.
4. President’s Rule: Implementation in BJP-ruled states.
5. BJP’s Expression of Regret: Over the Ayodhya events.

These changes were partially disclosed by NCERT earlier, but the full extent has now been revealed.

Revised Narrative

The previous version introduced Babri Masjid as a 16th-century mosque built by Mughal emperor Babur’s General Mir Baqi. The new version describes it as “a three-dome structure built at the site of Shri Ram’s birthplace in 1528, with Hindu symbols and relics visible in its interior and exterior.”

Old Description: The old textbook detailed the mobilization on both sides after the mosque’s locks were opened in February 1986, communal tensions, the rath yatra, kar seva, the mosque’s demolition, and subsequent violence. It included the BJP’s “regret over the happenings at Ayodhya” and a discussion on secularism.

New Description: The revised text simplifies the narrative: “In 1986, the situation regarding the three-dome structure took a significant turn when the Faizabad (now Ayodhya) district court ruled to unlock the structure, allowing people to worship there. The dispute had been ongoing for decades, with tensions between the Hindu and Muslim communities over ownership rights. In 1992, following the demolition of the structure, critics argued that it challenged the principles of Indian democracy.”

Supreme Court Verdict

A new subsection discusses the Supreme Court’s decision on the Ayodhya dispute, highlighting the 5–0 verdict on November 9, 2019. This decision allotted the disputed site to the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teertha Kshetra Trust for constructing a Ram temple and directed the government to provide a site for a mosque to the Sunni Central Waqf Board.

The revised text states: “This issue was resolved following due process of law based on archaeological and historical evidence. The Supreme Court’s decision was celebrated as a classic example of consensus building on a sensitive issue, reflecting India’s democratic ethos.”

Visual and Textual Changes

Deleted Images: Previous editions included newspaper clippings from December 1992, highlighting significant reactions to the demolition. These images have been removed.

Updated Judgement Excerpts: The old textbook featured excerpts from the 1994 Supreme Court judgement convicting Kalyan Singh, the then UP Chief Minister, of contempt of court. This has been replaced with an excerpt from the 2019 Supreme Court verdict, emphasizing the court’s commitment to upholding the Constitution and equality of all religions.

Conclusion

This revision marks the fourth update of NCERT textbooks since 2014, reflecting changes to align with recent political developments and reduce the syllabus burden. The revisions in the Ayodhya dispute section aim to present a more current and balanced view, considering the Supreme Court’s verdict and its reception. 

Understanding the Latest Changes in NCERT Class 11 Political Science Textbook

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has introduced significant revisions to the Class 11 Political Science textbook for the 2024–25 academic year, stirring conversations about the portrayal of vote bank politics and its implications in India.

This is the fourth round of revisions of NCERT textbooks since 2014. 

Why the Change?

NCERT states that the revisions aim to provide a “relevant criticism of Indian secularism,” moving away from what they perceived as the older version’s tendency to justify vote bank politics. The revised content delves into the concept of vote bank politics, particularly focusing on how it associates with minority appeasement and the potential disregard for equality principles.

Vote Bank Politics: Old vs. New

In both the older and revised versions, the textbook includes a section on “vote bank politics” within the chapter on secularism. Both versions pose critical questions about the impact of seeking minority votes at the expense of other groups’ welfare and rights, questioning if such practices undermine the majority’s interests and create new injustices.

The Older Version: The 2023–24 edition suggests that there’s little evidence of a system skewed in favor of minorities, arguing that the problem isn’t with vote bank politics per se but with forms that generate injustice. It emphasizes that all political parties engage in vote bank politics with various social groups, framing it as a common political strategy rather than a systemic flaw.

The Revised Version: The 2024–25 edition expands this discussion, critiquing the mobilization of social groups to vote en masse for particular parties or candidates. It argues that this approach distorts electoral politics by artificially constructing a monolithic group identity, prioritizing short-term electoral gains over long-term development. The revised text highlights that this form of vote bank politics, often linked to minority appeasement, can exacerbate social divisions and marginalize the very groups it aims to support.

Broader Implications

According to NCERT, the rationale behind these changes is to move from justifying vote bank politics to offering a more nuanced critique of how such practices can undermine equality and secularism in India. This aligns with the broader goal of ensuring that textbooks reflect contemporary societal and political contexts.

Additional Revisions

In the Class 12 Political Science textbook, a paragraph discussing the emergence of multi-cornered political competition post-1990s has been removed. This paragraph outlined the political landscape involving coalition parties with Congress, BJP alliances, Left Front parties, and independent groups. NCERT deemed this content irrelevant to the current context, leading to its deletion.

Conclusion

These textbook revisions mark the fourth round of changes since 2014, reflecting NCERT’s ongoing efforts to update educational content in line with evolving political and social landscapes. By critically examining vote bank politics and its implications, the revised textbooks aim to foster a deeper understanding of Indian secularism and the challenges it faces in contemporary politics.